Retrovirology - Latest articlesThe latest articles from Retrovirology (ISSN 1742-4690) published by BioMed CentralA formylpeptide receptor, FPRL1, has the capacity to work as a novel efficient coreceptor for human and simian immunodeficiency viruses- June 25, 2008 Background: More than 10 members of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to work as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2 (HIV-2), and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). As a common feature of HIVSIV coreceptors, several tyrosines are present in their amino-terminal extracellular regions (NTRs). We noticed that a receptor for N-formylpeptides, FPRL1, also contains three tyrosines in its NTR. It has been reported..http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/52 HIV-1 Vif, APOBEC, and intrinsic immunity- June 24, 2008 Members of the APOBEC family of cellular cytidine deaminases represent a recently identified group of proteins that provide immunity to infection by retroviruses and protect the cell from endogenous mobile retroelements. Yet, HIV-1 is largely immune to the intrinsic antiviral effects of APOBEC proteins because it encodes Vif (viral infectivity factor), an accessory protein that is critical for in vivo replication of HIV-1. In the absence of Vif, APOBEC proteins are encapsidated by budding virus.http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/51 Reconstitution of the myeloid and lymphoid compartments after the transplantation of autologous and genetically modified CD34+ bone marrow cells, foll- June 19, 2008 Background: Prolonged, altered hematopoietic reconstitution is commonly observed in patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning and bone marrow andor mobilized peripheral blood-derived stem cell transplantation. We studied the reconstitution of myeloid and lymphoid compartments after the transplantation of autologous CD34+ bone marrow cells following gamma irradiation in cynomolgus macaques. Results: The bone marrow cells were first transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding eGFP,.http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/50 Avian myeoloblastosis virus (AMV): only one side of the coin- June 16, 2008 For many years, scientists and suppliers have refered to AMV-RT as the reverse transcriptase produced by the Avian Myelobalstosis Virus. This manuscript briefly reviews the molecular basis for biological dependence of AMV for the envelope and RT proteins that are produced by its natural helper the Myeloblastosis Associated Virus (MAV). Because the wide use of the term AMV RT obscures scientific facts, it is worthwhile to clarify this issue for the scientific community, especially for younger...http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/49 Host proteins interacting with the Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase: Multiple transcriptional regulators and chromatin binding factors- June 13, 2008 Background: A critical step for retroviral replication is the stable integration of the provirus into the genome of its host. The viral integrase protein is key in this essential step of the retroviral life cycle. Although the basic mechanism of integration by mammalian retroviruses has been well characterized, the factors determining how viral integration events are targeted to particular regions of the genome or to regions of a particular DNA structure remain poorly defined. Significant...http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/48 HuR interacts with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, and modulates reverse transcription in infected cells- June 10, 2008 Reverse transcription of the genetic material of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a critical step in the replication cycle of this virus. This process, catalyzed by reverse transcriptase (RT), is well characterized at the biochemical level. However, in infected cells, reverse transcription occurs in a multiprotein complex the reverse transcription complex (RTC) consisting of viral genomic RNA associated with viral proteins (including RT) and, presumably, as yet uncharacterized...http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/47 Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein during immortalization of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by HTLV-1: Implications for trans- June 9, 2008 Background: Adult T-cell leukemialymphoma (ATLL) is initiated by infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1); however, additional host factors are also required for T-cell transformation and development of ATLL. The HTLV-1 Tax protein plays an important role in the transformation of T-cells although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) that occurs in.http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/46 Optimization of the doxycycline-dependent simian immunodeficiency virus through in vitro evolution- June 5, 2008 Background: Vaccination of macaques with live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provides significant protection against the wild-type virus. The use of a live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as AIDS vaccine in humans is however considered unsafe because of the risk that the attenuated virus may accumulate genetic changes during persistence and evolve to a pathogenic variant. We earlier presented a conditionally live HIV-1 variant that replicates exclusively in the...http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/44 Uracil within DNA: an actor of antiviral immunity- June 5, 2008 Uracil is a natural base of RNA but may appear in DNA through two different pathways including cytosine deamination or misincorporation of deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotide (dUTP) during DNA replication and constitutes one of the most frequent DNA lesions. In cellular organisms, such lesions are faithfully cleared out through several universal DNA repair mechanisms, thus preventing genome injury. However, several recent studies have brought some pieces of evidence that introduction of...http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/45 |